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- @node Geography (Atlantic Ocean)
- @section Geography (Atlantic Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Location:
- body of water between the Western Hemisphere and Europe/Africa
- Map references: Africa, Antarctic Region, Arctic Region, Central America and the Caribbean,
- Europe, North America, South America, Standard Time Zones of the World
- Area:
- total area:
- 82.217 million km2
- comparative area:
- slightly less than nine times the size of the US; second-largest of the
- world's four oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean
- or Arctic Ocean)
- note:
- includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait,
- Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea,
- Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies
- Coastline:
- 111,866 km
- International disputes:
- some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
- Climate:
- tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape
- Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from
- May to December, but are most frequent from August to November
- Terrain:
- surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and
- Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre (broad, circular
- system of currents) in the north Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre
- in the south Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic
- Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin;
- maximum depth is 8,605 meters in the Puerto Rico Trench
- Natural resources:
- oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel
- aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones
- Environment:
- endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles,
- and whales; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and
- eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake
- Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal
- sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea; icebergs
- common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic from
- February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the
- Madeira Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern
- Atlantic
- Note:
- ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north Atlantic from October
- to May and extreme south Atlantic from May to October; persistent fog can be
- a hazard to shipping from May to September; major choke points include the
- Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals;
- strategic straits include the Dover Strait, Straits of Florida, Mona
- Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; north Atlantic shipping
- lanes subject to icebergs from February to August; the Equator divides the
- Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean
-
-
-
- @end display
-
- @node Government (Atlantic Ocean)
- @section Government (Atlantic Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Digraph: ZH
-
-
-
- @end display
-
- @node Economy (Atlantic Ocean)
- @section Economy (Atlantic Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Overview:
- Economic activity is limited to exploitation of natural resources,
- especially fish, dredging aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and crude oil and
- natural gas production (Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and North Sea).
-
-
-
- @end display
-
- @node Communications (Atlantic Ocean)
- @section Communications (Atlantic Ocean)
-
- @display
-
- Ports:
- Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain),
- Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen
- (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki
- (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon
- (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal
- (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria),
- Oslo (Norway), Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam
- (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad; Russia), Stockholm
- (Sweden)
- Telecommunications:
- numerous submarine cables with most between continental Europe and the UK,
- North America and the UK, and in the Mediterranean; numerous direct links
- across Atlantic via INTELSAT satellite network
- Note:
- Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways
-
-
-
- @end display
-